<?php

declare( strict_types=1 );

namespace VendorPrefix\Rowbot\Idna;

use function chr;
use function ord;
use function strlen;

final class CodePoint {
	/**
	 * Takes a Unicode code point and encodes it. The return behavior is undefined if the given
	 * code point is outside the range 0..10FFFF.
	 *
	 * @see https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#utf-8-encoder
	 */
	public static function encode( int $codePoint ): string {
		if ( $codePoint >= 0x00 && $codePoint <= 0x7F ) {
			return chr( $codePoint );
		}

		$count  = 0;
		$offset = 0;

		if ( $codePoint >= 0x0080 && $codePoint <= 0x07FF ) {
			$count  = 1;
			$offset = 0xC0;
		} elseif ( $codePoint >= 0x0800 && $codePoint <= 0xFFFF ) {
			$count  = 2;
			$offset = 0xE0;
		} elseif ( $codePoint >= 0x10000 && $codePoint <= 0x10FFFF ) {
			$count  = 3;
			$offset = 0xF0;
		}

		$bytes = chr( ( $codePoint >> ( 6 * $count ) ) + $offset );

		while ( $count > 0 ) {
			$temp  = $codePoint >> ( 6 * ( $count - 1 ) );
			$bytes .= chr( 0x80 | ( $temp & 0x3F ) );
			-- $count;
		}

		return $bytes;
	}

	/**
	 * Takes a UTF-8 encoded string and converts it into a series of integer code points. Any
	 * invalid byte sequences will be replaced by a U+FFFD replacement code point.
	 *
	 * @see https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#utf-8-decoder
	 *
	 * @return list<int>
	 */
	public static function utf8Decode( string $input ): array {
		$bytesSeen     = 0;
		$bytesNeeded   = 0;
		$lowerBoundary = 0x80;
		$upperBoundary = 0xBF;
		$codePoint     = 0;
		$codePoints    = [];
		$length        = strlen( $input );

		for ( $i = 0; $i < $length; ++ $i ) {
			$byte = ord( $input[ $i ] );

			if ( $bytesNeeded === 0 ) {
				if ( $byte >= 0x00 && $byte <= 0x7F ) {
					$codePoints[] = $byte;

					continue;
				}

				if ( $byte >= 0xC2 && $byte <= 0xDF ) {
					$bytesNeeded = 1;
					$codePoint   = $byte & 0x1F;
				} elseif ( $byte >= 0xE0 && $byte <= 0xEF ) {
					if ( $byte === 0xE0 ) {
						$lowerBoundary = 0xA0;
					} elseif ( $byte === 0xED ) {
						$upperBoundary = 0x9F;
					}

					$bytesNeeded = 2;
					$codePoint   = $byte & 0xF;
				} elseif ( $byte >= 0xF0 && $byte <= 0xF4 ) {
					if ( $byte === 0xF0 ) {
						$lowerBoundary = 0x90;
					} elseif ( $byte === 0xF4 ) {
						$upperBoundary = 0x8F;
					}

					$bytesNeeded = 3;
					$codePoint   = $byte & 0x7;
				} else {
					$codePoints[] = 0xFFFD;
				}

				continue;
			}

			if ( $byte < $lowerBoundary || $byte > $upperBoundary ) {
				$codePoint     = 0;
				$bytesNeeded   = 0;
				$bytesSeen     = 0;
				$lowerBoundary = 0x80;
				$upperBoundary = 0xBF;
				-- $i;
				$codePoints[] = 0xFFFD;

				continue;
			}

			$lowerBoundary = 0x80;
			$upperBoundary = 0xBF;
			$codePoint     = ( $codePoint << 6 ) | ( $byte & 0x3F );

			if ( ++ $bytesSeen !== $bytesNeeded ) {
				continue;
			}

			$codePoints[] = $codePoint;
			$codePoint    = 0;
			$bytesNeeded  = 0;
			$bytesSeen    = 0;
		}

		// String unexpectedly ended, so append a U+FFFD code point.
		if ( $bytesNeeded !== 0 ) {
			$codePoints[] = 0xFFFD;
		}

		return $codePoints;
	}
}
